Chang Chung-fu (National Chengchi University), professeur invité à l’EHESS
Chang Chung-fu (張中復), Associate Professor, Department of Ethnology, National Chengchi University, est accueilli à l’EHESS comme professeur invité (chaire sécable de l’IISMM) du 14 octobre au 13 novembre 2024, à l’invitation de Marie-Paule Hille (EHESS, CCJ-CECMC).
À cette occasion, il prononcera quatre conférences auxquelles vous êtes toutes et tous cordialement invité(e)s.
Biographie
Chang Chung-fu is an ethnohistorian and ethnologist, his specialty focusing on the history of Islam in China and the socio-cultural issues of Muslim minorities in northwest China. During the past three decades, Chang Chung-fu as a professional and well–trained ethnographer, had positively to exercise his field work studies in the provinces like Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai where the Hui Muslims (Sino Muslims or Sinophone Muslims) and other local Muslim ethnic minorities such as Salars, Baoans, and Dongxians etc., whom had been resided there for centuries. Under this special circumstance, he is tried to promote the academic recognition and humanity concerns in this special field by ways of historiography, anthropology and ethnology in Taiwan that few social scientists are really familiar with.
About Chang Chung-fu’s major research orientations in the field of Islam in China, including the historic consciousness and its contemporary representation among Hui Muslims, socio-cultural changes and ethnic identity of Muslim minorities, sophisticated ethnic relations between local Han majority and Muslim ethnicities, and the profound influence of religious policies in People’s Republic of China. His ethnographic concerns are also concentrated in the sectarian diversity like Sufism Orders, modern reformism and traditional Islam that all presenting and merging in the so-called cultural symbiosis pattern which had been existed in northwest China since 18 th century. Regarding the research method and methodology, Chang Chung-fu not only uses the historical and ethnographic texts to analyze the basic socio-cultural features regarding the Islamic practice and its process localization, but also tries to emphasize the context of plural traits of Islamization that promoted the sectarian antagonism among the Muslim communities in northwest China. Such phenomenon specifically is focused in the Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu. This area had become his major ethnographic study site and explored his profound social networks among Muslims there since 1992.
Chang Chung-fu received BA degree of history from National Taiwan University in 1984. Later he received his both MA degree of China’s border area’s studies and PhD of history from National Chengchi University (NCCU), Taipei, Taiwan in 1987 and 1997. For the time being Chang Chung-fu is the associate professor in the Department of Ethnology at NCCU. The major courses he is teaching included Ethnohistory of China and Uyghur Language (BA program), Seminars on the Development of Politics and Socio-cultural Issues in the Contemporary Xinjiang (MA program), and Seminar of Ethnohistory (PhD program). Between 2004-2013, basically during summer vacation and totally six times, Chang Chung-fu organized and brought his BA, MA and PhD students of NCCU to the Muslim communities of Gansu and Qinghai for ethnographic excercise and fiels works training. He is also as the dissertation advisor for many graduate students from NCCU and other university whom are interesting in the studies fiield of Islam in China. In the first semester of 2007, Chang Chung-fu was invited to Minzu University of Beijing, China as guest professor to teach two courses there, including Socio-Cultural Issues of Muslim Minorities in China and Ethnographic Studies in Northwest China. Due to this opportunity, he also had appointed as the distinguished professor of the College of Ethnology and Sociology at University of Beijing since 2008.
Except the teaching works, Chang Chung-fu accumulated many academic administrative experiences in Taiwan during past two decades. That’s including the chair of Department of Ethnography at NCCU (2002-2004, 2010-2016), the vice convenor in Discipline of Anthropology and ethnic Studies, National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) of Taiwanese Government (2015-2017), the general secretary of Taiwan Society for Anthropology and Ethnology (TSAE) (2014-2016), the registrar and director of Registration, Office of Academic Affairs at NCCU (1998-2000), and the secretary of Office of President at NCCU (2001-2003). For expanding the professional visions and promoting international cooperation, Chang Chung-fu has being invited to participate many international conferences about Islam in China that held in China, Hong Kong, Japan, United States, Canada, Malaysia, Dubai and Saudi Arabia as the presenter and discussant. He also organized several relevant international conferences and workshops at NCCU to promote the studies and multi-disciplinary dialogue between different fields of social sciences to pay attention to the latest tendency about the development of Islam in China.
Programme des conférences
- Voir la page dédiée sur le site de l’EHESS (Chung-fu Chang)
- Affiche des conférences de Chang Chung-fu
Islamophobia in Modern China: Origins, Blasphemous Incidents and the Contemporary Surveys
Dans le cadre de la journée d’accueil du CECMC, le mardi 22 octobre, 15h00-16h30, salle A327, EHESS, 2 cours des humanités, 93300 Aubervilliers
Lien pour assister en visioconférence : https://bbb.ehess.fr/b/mar-0ev-tdf-cdp
Although contemporary Islamophobia sprouts first in Western countries, globalization has fostered the spread of anti-Muslim sentiments and intolerance to Islam. Even the centuries-old symbiosis established between the Han majority and the Muslim minority in China could not escape from such impact, as evidenced by the outbreak of blasphemous incidents in China under the Nationalists and the Communists. These unpredictable incidents were indicative of intolerance to Islam and anti-Muslimism promoted by the cultural barrier and Han-ethnocentrism. This topic would like to use the case of stampeding tragedy that occurred at the Grand North Mosque of Xiji, Ningxia in 2014 and its aftermath also revealed the diverse ways of fomenting hostility and hatred on the Internet. Besides long-standing anti-Muslimism among Han Chinese, there also exists complicated sectarian antagonism among Muslim communities in northwest China. New media, especially the Internet has become another battlefield for spreading age-old inter-sectarian hostility and antagonism among Muslims themselves.
In the broad sense, the phenomena mentioned above should be deemed analogous to Islamophobic sentiment observed in Western countries but never really prevalent in past and modern China. However, the deteriorating Xinjiang issues in recent years has inevitably escalated anti-Muslim prejudice to a more dangerous and precarious situation in China. The current disproportionate policy for restraining regular Islam in contemporary Xinjiang should not become the basis for further subjugation and suppression of Islam in China. The concerted effort of the entire Chinese population toward greater conciliation and tolerance toward people of different cultures and religions provide the only chance to avoid clashes and conflicts. This topic also would like to trace back the so-called blasphemous incidents which being occurred in 20th century, and apparently presented the mutual socio-cultural prejudice among Han majority and Hui Muslim minority that could be considered as one of the essential roots of Islamophobic sentiment in the contemporary China.
The Extraordinary Meaning of the Representation about a New Chinese Translation Text of Jahriyya’s Rashhah in Taiwan, 2021
Dans le cadre du séminaire de Stéphane Dudoignon (CNRS/GSRL), Agathe Guy (EPHE & U. Munich), Léo Maillet (EHESS & U. Genève) et Lina Tsrimova (EHESS & INALCO), « Atelier Eurasie centrale », le mardi 5 novembre, 11h-13h, salle 5.067, Bât de Recherche Nord, Campus Condorcet
Whether viewed from the historical or contemporary perspective, the representation of the genealogy of Sufi orders and its socio-educational functions in modern northwest China show two tendencies. First, the formerly ambiguous, obscure lineages and domestic succession of the shaykhs have now been revealed much more clearly and have become widely known, as have some previously unknown records of shaykhs’ miracles and other Sufi practices. Second, through publication, these historical records have circulated among the followers of Sufi orders, which contributes to consolidation of their sectarian identity and collective memory. More importantly, these collective memories have become a means to obtain social resources in the process of fierce sectarian competition and succession struggles. Such rivalries have existed in northwest China for a long time. To strengthen the legitimacy of their religious power among their followers, the shaykhs widely disseminate and strongly emphasize these genealogical records, which confirm their “charisma,” even to the point of exaggeration. Under these conditions, the well-known Muslim writer Zhang Chengzhi has become the mouthpiece of the Jahrıyya, and his Xinlingshi not only publicized the authenticity of the genealogical records but also revealed a general sense of “the proctological history of Muslims” that had been neglected for a long time. Nevertheless, despite triggering controversy about the succession of shaykhs and creating conflicts within the Jahrıyya, Xinlingshi still constructed a prominent collective memory and became an historical witness for the followers of this tragic Sufi order.
Due to these endeavors to re-establish the real history of Jahriyya, Zhang also collected and translated the local but secret documents in Jahriyya community, including the famous Rashha. This hagiographic record absolutely is the most important historical memory in Jahriyya. Occasionally, just in the outbreak of pandemic, Zhang found another local manuscript of Rashha in eastern Gansu, and translated it at once from its original Arabic-Persian version to a new Chinese one. Fortunately, this latest Rashha version has published in total completed form in Taiwan since 2021.
Disruption of Iman: Anti-Christian Evangelism Sentiment among Hui Muslims and an Unusual Cases in Modern Northwestern China
Dans le cadre du séminaire de Luca Gabbiani et Marie-Paule Hille, « La Chine au prisme des sciences humaines et sociales », le mercredi 6 novembre, 14h30-16h00, salle A302, EHESS, 2 cours des humanités, 93300 Aubervilliers. Suivi d’une visite de l’exposition « Une légende rouge dorée ? Le retour des saints dans les mondes (post-)communistes » à l’Humathèque
As a tendency from 19th century, China has seen a gradual spread of Christianity and conversion of part Chinese population from folk believers, Buddhists or Taoists into Christians. Alongside with such trend, there is another ambiguous endeavor for the same purpose; that is, Christian evangelization among Sinophone Muslims (Hui Muslims) with a large and widely distributed population amidst the Han majority. Although Christianity and Islam share quasi-monotheistic origin, “evangelizing Christianity to Muslims” (回宣) has not been fruitful or successful, even stirring up anti-Christian evangelism sentiment in provinces of Northwest China like Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia. For centuries, Hui Muslims in these areas have been practicing the so-called “conservative Islam” and “Islamic plural sectarianism”; and conversion to Christianity is difficult if not impossible. This topic traces the emergence of such anti-Christian evangelism sentiment among the Muslims in Gansu and the sectarian societies within. That especially to be concentrated on the case of Long Akhund in Linxia with focus not only on the religious and socio-cultural aspects, but also the existence of a consolidated sectarian identity of Muslim ethnic minority of their own.
Characteristic Features in the Genealogic Demonstration of Hui Muslims in China: “Sinicization” and its Controversial Practices
Mercredi 13 novembre, 15h00-16h30, salle A327, EHESS, 2 cours des humanités, 93300 Aubervilliers
Under the tremendous cultural impact and social influence of Han majority, the Muslim minorities in southern China inevitably have to face many challenges from “Sinicization” matters which normally are being considered as the violation to Islamic practice. The eminent matters such as ancestral worship which includes the accomplishment of family pedigree and the construction of ancestral shrine that are all belonged to the characteristic features in traditional Chinese society. However, the Muslims imitate these “Sinicizing” practices not only for keeping the continuity of their paternal clan just as their Han neighbors did, but also representing the function of social adaptation which combined Han-style genealogic solidarity and Muslims consanguinity that is a key factor to maintain a stable relationship in Han-Muslim symbiosis society. Although these “Sinicization” matters are more ambiguous or intolerable to Muslims which reside in northwest or other typical areas, theses “heresy” practices actually indicate the more plural developing adaptation and socio-cultural diversity among China’s Hui-Muslims that might be beyond our imagination. Besides, according to PRC’s ethnic policy, the new-given and legal status of Hui-minzu also had being provided an inducement to solidify the consciousness of ethnic minority to these “Sinicizing” Hui people whose Islamic practices are almost faded away for a long time, especially in the areas of southeastern coast. This topic also want to discuss the CCP’s controversial policy to enforce Sinicization (or Chinaization) of religion as an ideological consolidation among Muslim communities in China since 2018. Actually, the concept of this new waves of “Sinicized Islam” seemingly ignores the pattern of socio-cultural symbiosis among Hui Muslims and Han Majority that already being existed from the past centuries in China’s history and to its modern situation.
OpenEdition vous propose de citer ce billet de la manière suivante :
Monique Abud (21 octobre 2024). Chang Chung-fu (National Chengchi University), professeur invité à l’EHESS. Carnets du Centre Chine (CNRS/EHESS). Consulté le 20 avril 2025 à l’adresse https://doi.org/10.58079/12jiu